蒙医分享 | 蒙医养生学-饮食养生

蒙医学认为，合理的饮食会使身体健康，生命得到保证。如果在饮食方面发生低、超、反的情况时，便会生病，甚至生命受到危害。因此，善于安排饮食是很重要的。人们应该懂得食物的性能，在了解食物性能的基础上合理搭配饮食，避免不适合的食物，并注意饮食适量。

一、要懂得食物的性能

蒙医学认为，熟悉饮食的性能并合理搭配，才能使身体健康。如大米具有滋润、柔软、凉而轻的性质，能除赫依、希拉、巴达干病，壮阳、止泻、止吐。小麦具有重而凉的性质，能养育身体、祛赫依、除希拉。荞麦具有凉、轻的性质，能愈合外伤，也能产生赫依。绵羊肉具有滋润、温热的性质，能助消化、增体力、生元气，祛赫依病，治巴达干病，开胃口。黄油味甘，性温、腻，具有滋补身体、抑赫依、开胃、益智、延年益寿等功效。大米稀粥能治疗口渴症，昏聩及其他灾病，助消化，平衡元气，增加体温，防治脉管硬化：大米稠粥能产生火热，消除饥渴、困倦，通便；大米浓稠粥能止腹泻，健胃进食，消除口渴。因此，米粥是体弱和泻后滋补身体的佳品。牛乳味甘，消化后其味仍甘，性质滋润、沉重，功能是增长元气，焕发容颜，能治疗赫依和希拉等病，但也能引起凉而重的巴达干。黄牛乳治疗肺穿孔、肺痨病有效，也能治疗日久的瘟疫、尿频症，使心智锐敏。酸马奶是马奶经过发酵制成的一种健身饮料，味酸、性凉，具有补血、清热、止渴、强身健体、滋肺、助消化、治疗萨病等功效，主要治疗心刺痛、慢性肺病、肺结核、肠胃疾病、萨病等各种慢性疾病。据研究，酸马奶中有多种有益于身体的有效成分，如糖、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素等，特别是维生素C含量较多，还有氨基酸、乳酸、酶、矿物质，以及芳香性物质和微量元素。实验研究和临床研究都证明，酸马奶对高血压、冠心病、瘫痪、肺结核、慢性胃炎、十二指肠溃疡、胃神经官能症、结肠炎、肠结核、糖尿病等症的预防和治疗作用明显。酒具有甘、酸、苦的味道，消化后其味变酸，其性质是锐、热、糙、细，能轻度下泻。饮酒适量使身体产生热量，也能壮胆，引起睡眠，医治巴达干、赫依等病。反之，饮酒过量会使人心情转变，放荡不羁。《四部医典·论述本》中对食物的性能有专门的论述。

二、避免食用不适合的食物

《四部医典·论述本·食物禁忌》曰∶应该禁忌有毒的饮食，它会立刻使人丧命。有毒食物的颜色和味道均与无毒食物有区别。若把有毒的食物给狗吃，它会腹部发热而呕吐。肉有毒时颜色虽呈红色，但用铁烧灼时则不沾铁：这种肉还呈现膨胀状态，若在这种肉上浇酒时，蒸气会熏刺人的眼目。

有些食物的性能互相矛盾（相克），如同时进食后也会中毒，其危害性也像坏人放毒一样。例如，没有发酵的奶酪与新酿酒同时服用，便会中毒；鱼肉与牛乳性质不适合，进食后，也会中毒。同样，牛乳与核桃、杏仁等彼此不相适应，鸡蛋与鱼肉两者不相适应，豌豆与红糖、奶酪三者不相适应，同时食用，也会中毒。因食物性质互不适应，会引起矛盾（相克），不按习惯、不规律地吃喝或暴饮暴食，都会引起食物灾害，所以对无益有害的饮食起居习惯都应该放弃。

三、饮食要适量

人们始终要根据饮食性质的轻、重，活量饮食。性轻的食物要吃饱，性重的食物只能吃半饱，使其顺利消化，这是身体产生热量的保证。如果不适量地进食，量少则不能增长体力，容颜也会衰败，随之就要产生赫依病：若食量超过时，消化不良，胃液过多，会阻塞调火赫依运行的脉道，因而胃火衰败，一切疾病会随之产生。所以，《四部医典·论述本》中说∶“按照食物的轻、重性质，胃火的强弱，胃部容积的四分之二应留给食物，四分之一留给饮料，四分之一留给赫依、希拉和巴达干。吃过食物后适量饮水，使其糜烂消化，增长体力。”

Diet and Health

Mongolian medicine holds that a reasonable diet will make good health, and life is guaranteed. If the low, super, anti-situation occur in the diet, people will be sick, and even life is endangered. Therefore, it is important to be good at arranging meals. People should know the function of food, unsuitable food and moderate diet.

ⅠKnow the function of food

Mongolian medicine holds that people should get familiar with the function of the diet and a reasonable match in order to make a good health. For example, rice has the nature of being moisture, soft, cool and light. It can treat He Yi, Sheila, Badakan disease, and has the function of impotence, being antidiarrheal and antiemetic. Wheat has a heavy and cool nature and it can nurture the body, remove He Yi and Sheila. It is with a cool, light nature and can heal trauma and produce He Yi. Sheep meat has a moist, warm nature. Its function is to help digestion, increase physical strength, vitality, cure He Yi disease and Badakan disease, and improve appetite. Butter is sweet, warm and heavy with nourishing the body, suppressing He Yi, appetizers, puzzle, longevity and other effects. Rice porridge can treat thirst, fAint and other disasters, help digestion, balance vitality, increase body temperature, prevent and treat arteriosclerosis. Thick porridge can produce hotness, eliminate hunger, sleepiness and be laxative. Thick porridge can prevent diarrhea, stomach consumption, eliminate thirst. Therefore, rice gruel is the tonic to body when one is frail or after diarrhea. Milk is sweet and after digestion its taste is still sweet. Its nature is moisture and heavy. Its function is to increase strength and to renew face. It can cure He Yi and Sheila and other diseases, but it also can cause cool and heavy Badakan. Cattle milk can treat lung perforation and tuberculosis effectively. It also can cure the long-time plague and frequent urination. It can make mind sharp. Sour horse milk-- Sour milk is a kind of fitness drink made with fermented milk. It tastes acid and is cool with enriching blood, clearing heat, stopping thirst, making physical fitness, Moisturizing the lung, helping digestion, treating Sa disease and other effects. The main treatments are heart tingling, chronic lung disease, tuberculosis, gastrointestinal diseases, Sa disease and other chronic diseases. According to the study, sour horse milk has a variety of beneficial ingredients in the body, such as sugar, protein, fat, vitamins and so on. Especially, vitamin C content is greater. There are also amino acids, lactic acid, enzymes, minerals, and aromatic substances and trace elements. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the role of sour horse milk in the prevention and treatment of hypertension, coronary heart disease, paralysis, tuberculosis, chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric nerve function, colitis, intestinal tuberculosis, and diabetes mellitus obviously. Wine has a sweet, sour and bitter taste. After digestion, the taste is acid. Its nature is sharp, hot, rough, fine, and can be mildly diarrhea. Drinking the proper amount the body can produce heat, but also be courageous and cause sleep. It can treat Badakan, He Yi and other diseases. On the contrary, excessive drinking will make people feel a change, and be bohemian. Drunk makes one like a madman, be nonsense and illegal. After being drunk, one is unconscious, dementia, and even produces alcohol poison. The performance of food is discussed in detail in "The four medical code".

Ⅱ Avoid eating unsuitable food

 "Four medical books • Discuss • Food taboo" says that toxic diet should be avoided. It will immediately make people die. The color and taste of toxic foods are different from non-toxic foods. If the poisonous food is given to the dog to eat, it will have abdominal fever and vomiting. When the meat is toxic, the color is red. But the food does not stick iron when burned with iron. This meat also shows an inflated state. If the wine is poured on this meat, the steam will smash the eyes.  

 Some food performance is contradictory. If one eats at the same time, one will be poisoned. Its harm is as bad as poison. For example, if no fermented cheese and new wine are taken at the same time, it will cause poison. Fish and milk are not suitable for each other. After eating, one will be poisoned. Similarly, milk and walnuts, almonds and others are incompatible with each other. Eggs and fish are not suited. Peas and brown sugar, cheese are not suited to the three. While eating together, one will be poisoned, and so on. Because the nature of food does not meet each other, it will cause contradictions. If one doesn’t do according to habits, irregular eating or drinking or overeating will cause food disasters. Therefore, the unbeneficial habit of eating should be given up.

Ⅲ Diet should be appropriate.

 People always have to diet according to the nature of light, heavy, moderate diet. Light food is to be eaten to fullness. Heavy food can only eat half full and make a smooth digestion. This is the guarantee of heat generated by the body. If not eaten properly, the less amount cannot increase physical strength, the face will decline, accompanied by the birth of He Yi disease. If the appetite is over, indigestion and too much stomach fluid can block the flow of Tiaohuo He Yi, so the stomach fire decays, all the disease will be followed. Therefore, the "Four medical books • Discuss" says that according to the light and heavy nature of the food, the strength of the stomach fire, two-fourths of the stomach volume should be left to the food, a quarter is left to the drink, a quarter is left to He Yi, Sheila and Badakan. After eating food, drinking water can erase the digestion and increase physical strength.